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the last word

Photography meets digital computer technology. Photography wins -- most of the time.

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Archives for June 2, 2025

Price and Performance: Hasselblad X vs. Fujifilm GFX

June 2, 2025 JimK 3 Comments

In the medium format mirrorless market, Hasselblad’s X system and Fujifilm’s GFX system stand apart as the two primary players. Both offer cameras built around Sony’s 44×33 mm sensors, but with notably different philosophies in design, pricing, and performance. For photographers evaluating where to invest, the question often comes down to this: How do price and… [Read More]

The Last Word

Depth of field theory and some shortcuts

June 2, 2025 JimK 5 Comments

In photography and optical engineering, “depth of field” (DOF) and “depth of focus” are often confused. However, they describe fundamentally different concepts, tied to different parts of the imaging system. To understand the distinction, it’s helpful to first define two key terms: Object space: The region in front of the lens, where real-world subjects reside…. [Read More]

The Last Word

June 2025
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Articles

  • About
    • Patents and papers about color
    • Who am I?
  • How to…
    • Backing up photographic images
    • How to change email providers
    • How to shoot slanted edge images for me
  • Lens screening testing
    • Equipment and Software
    • Examples
      • Bad and OK 200-600 at 600
      • Excellent 180-400 zoom
      • Fair 14-30mm zoom
      • Good 100-200 mm MF zoom
      • Good 100-400 zoom
      • Good 100mm lens on P1 P45+
      • Good 120mm MF lens
      • Good 18mm FF lens
      • Good 24-105 mm FF lens
      • Good 24-70 FF zoom
      • Good 35 mm FF lens
      • Good 35-70 MF lens
      • Good 60 mm lens on IQ3-100
      • Good 63 mm MF lens
      • Good 65 mm FF lens
      • Good 85 mm FF lens
      • Good and bad 25mm FF lenses
      • Good zoom at 24 mm
      • Marginal 18mm lens
      • Marginal 35mm FF lens
      • Mildly problematic 55 mm FF lens
      • OK 16-35mm zoom
      • OK 60mm lens on P1 P45+
      • OK Sony 600mm f/4
      • Pretty good 16-35 FF zoom
      • Pretty good 90mm FF lens
      • Problematic 400 mm FF lens
      • Tilted 20 mm f/1.8 FF lens
      • Tilted 30 mm MF lens
      • Tilted 50 mm FF lens
      • Two 15mm FF lenses
    • Found a problem – now what?
    • Goals for this test
    • Minimum target distances
      • MFT
      • APS-C
      • Full frame
      • Small medium format
    • Printable Siemens Star targets
    • Target size on sensor
      • MFT
      • APS-C
      • Full frame
      • Small medium format
    • Test instructions — postproduction
    • Test instructions — reading the images
    • Test instructions – capture
    • Theory of the test
    • What’s wrong with conventional lens screening?
  • Previsualization heresy
  • Privacy Policy
  • Recommended photographic web sites
  • Using in-camera histograms for ETTR
    • Acknowledgments
    • Why ETTR?
    • Normal in-camera histograms
    • Image processing for in-camera histograms
    • Making the in-camera histogram closely represent the raw histogram
    • Shortcuts to UniWB
    • Preparing for monitor-based UniWB
    • A one-step UniWB procedure
    • The math behind the one-step method
    • Iteration using Newton’s Method

Category List

Recent Comments

  • DC Wedding Photographer on Price and Performance: Hasselblad X vs. Fujifilm GFX
  • DC wedding photographer on A Modest Proposal
  • NiceDays on Do Raw Developers Use the Embedded JPEG as a Color Reference?
  • Christer Almqvist on Diffraction and the Airy disk diameter
  • Paul R on Price and Performance: Hasselblad X vs. Fujifilm GFX
  • JimK on Do Raw Developers Use the Embedded JPEG as a Color Reference?
  • Jack Hogan on Diffraction and the Airy disk diameter
  • Jack Hogan on Do Raw Developers Use the Embedded JPEG as a Color Reference?
  • Štěpán Kaňa on A Modest Proposal
  • John Vickers on Mitigating lighting banding in GFX ES images

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